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internally trimmed precision ic multiplier ad534 rev. c information furnished by analog devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. however, no responsibility is assumed by analog devices for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties that may result from its use. specifications subject to change without notice. no license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of analog devices. trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. one technology way, p.o. box 9106, norwood, ma 02062-9106, u.s.a. tel: 781.329.4700 www.analog.com fax: 781.461.3113 ?1977C2011 analog devices, inc. all rights reserved. features pretrimmed to 0.25% maximum 4-quadrant error (ad534l) all inputs (x, y, and z) differential, high impedance for [(x 1 ? x 2 )(y 1 ? y 2 )/10 v] + z 2 transfer function scale factor adjustable to provide up to 100 gain low noise design: 90 v rms, 10 hz to10 khz low cost, monolithic construction excellent long-term stability applications high quality analog signal processing differential ratio and percentage computations algebraic and trigonometric function synthesis wideband, high crest rms-to-dc conversion accurate voltage controlled oscillators and filters available in chip form functional block diagram 09675-006 stable reference and bias 0.75 atten translinear multiplier element sf +v s ?v s out x 1 x 2 y 1 y 2 z 1 z 2 a v-to-1 v-to-1 v-to-1 high gain output amplifier transfer function v out = a (x 1 ? x 2 ) (y 1 ? y 2 ) sf ? (z 1 ? z 2 ) figure 1. general description the ad534 is a monolithic laser trimmed four-quadrant multi- plier divider having accuracy specifications previously found only in expensive hybrid or modular products. a maximum multiplication error of 0.25% is guaranteed for the ad534l without any external trimming. excellent supply rejection, low temperature coefficients and long-term stability of the on-chip thin film resistors and buried zener reference preserve accuracy even under adverse conditions of use. it is the first multiplier to offer fully differential, high impedance operation on all inputs, including the z input, a feature that greatly increases its flexibility and ease of use. the scale factor is pretrimmed to the standard value of 10.00 v; by means of an external resistor, this can be reduced to values as low as 3 v. the wide spectrum of applications and the availability of several grades commend this multiplier as the first choice for all new designs. the ad534j (1% maximum error), ad534k (0.5% maximum), and ad534l (0.25% maximum) are specified for operation over the 0c to +70c temperature range. the ad534s (1% maximum) and ad534t (0.5% maximum) are specified over the extended temperature range, ?55c to +125c. all grades are available in hermetically sealed to-100 metal cans and sbdip packages. ad534k, ad534s, and ad534t chips are also available.
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ad534 rev. c | page 2 of 20 table of contents features .............................................................................................. 1 ? applications....................................................................................... 1 ? functional block diagram .............................................................. 1 ? general description ......................................................................... 1 ? revision history ............................................................................... 2 ? specifications..................................................................................... 3 ? absolute maximum ratings............................................................ 7 ? thermal resistance ...................................................................... 7 ? esd caution.................................................................................. 7 ? pin configurations and function descriptions ........................... 8 ? typical performance characteristics ........................................... 10 ? functional description.................................................................. 12 ? provides gain with low noise ..................................................... 12 ? operation as a multiplier .......................................................... 12 ? operation as a squarer .............................................................. 13 ? operation as a divider............................................................... 13 ? operation as a square rooter................................................... 14 ? unprecedented flexibility ......................................................... 14 ? applications information .............................................................. 15 ? outline dimensions ....................................................................... 17 ? ordering guide .......................................................................... 18 ? revision history 4/11rev. b to rev. c changes to features section, figure 1, and general description section ........................................................... 1 added pin configurations and function descriptions section................................................................................................ 8 moved provides gain with low noise section .......................... 12 moved unprecedented flexibility section .................................. 14 updated outline dimensions ....................................................... 17 changes to ordering guide .......................................................... 18
ad534 rev. c | page 3 of 20 specifications t a = 25c, v s = 15 v, r 2 k, all minimum and maximum specifications are guaranteed, unless otherwise noted. table 1. ad534j ad534k ad534l parameter min typ max min typ max min typ max unit multiplier performance transfer function 2 2121 z yyxx + ? ? v10 ))(( 2 2121 z yyxx + ? ? v10 ))(( 2 2121 z yyxx + ?? v10 ))(( total error 1 (?10 v x, y +10 v) 1.0 2 0.5 2 0.25 2 % t a = t min to t max 1.5 1.0 0.5 % total error vs. temperature 0.022 0.015 0.008 %/c scale factor error (sf = 10.000 v nominal) 3 0.25 0.1 0.1 % temperature coefficient of scaling voltage 0.02 0.01 0.005 %/c supply rejection (15 v 1 v) 0.01 0.01 0.01 % nonlinearity, x (x = 20 v p-p, y = 10 v) 0.4 0.2 0.3 2 0.10 0.12 2 % nonlinearity, y (y = 20 v p-p, x = 10 v 0.2 0.1 0.1 2 0.005 0.1 2 % feedthrough 4 , x (y nulled, x = 20 v p-p 50 hz) 0.3 0.15 0.3 2 0.05 0.12 2 % feedthrough 4 , y (x nulled, y = 20 v p-p, 50 hz) 0.01 0.01 0.1 2 0.003 0.1 2 % output offset voltage 5 30 2 2 15 2 2 10 2 mv output offset voltage drift 200 100 100 v/c dynamics small signal bw (v out = 0.1 rms) 1 1 1 mhz 1% amplitude error (c load = 1000 pf) 50 50 50 khz slew rate (v out 20 p-p) 20 20 20 v/s settling time (to 1%, d v out = 20 v) 2 2 2 s noise noise spectral density sf = 10 v 0.8 0.8 0.8 v/hz sf = 3 v 5 0.4 0.4 0.4 v/hz wideband noise f = 10 hz to 5 mhz 1 1 1 mv rms f = 10 hz to 10 khz 90 90 90 v rms output output voltage swing 11 2 11 2 11 2 v output impedance (f 1 khz) 0.1 0.1 0.1 output short-circuit current (r l = 0 , t a = t min to t max ) 30 30 30 ma amplifier open-loop gain (f = 50 hz) 70 70 70 db input amplifiers (x, y, and z) 6 signal voltage range differential or common mode 10 10 10 v operating differential 12 12 12 v offset voltage (x, y) 5 20 2 2 10 2 2 10 2 mv offset voltage drift (x, y) 100 50 50 v/c offset voltage (z) 5 30 2 2 15 2 2 10 2 mv offset voltage drift (z) 200 100 100 v/c cmrr 60 2 80 702 90 70 2 90 db
ad534 rev. c | page 4 of 20 ad534j ad534k ad534l parameter min typ max min typ max min typ max unit bias current 0.8 2.0 2 0.8 2.0 2 0.8 2.0 2 a offset current 0.1 0.1 0.05 0.2 2 a differential resistance 10 10 10 m divider performance transfer function (x 1 > x 2 ) 1 21 12 y xx zz + ? ? )( )( v10 1 21 12 y xx zz + ? ? )( )( v10 1 21 12 y xx zz + ? ? )( )( v10 total error 1 x = 10 v, ?10 v z +10 v 0.75 0.35 0.2 % x = 1 v, ?1 v z +1 v 2.0 1.0 0.8 % 0.1 v x 10 v, ?10 v z +10 v 2.5 1.0 0.8 % squarer performance transfer function 2 21 z xx + ? v10 )( 2 2 21 z xx + ? v10 )( 2 2 21 z xx + ? v10 )( 2 total error (?10 v x +10 v) 0.6 0.3 0.2 % square-rooter performance transfer function (z 1 z 2 ) (10 v( z 2 C z 1 )) + x 2 (10 v( z 2 C z 1 )) + x 2 (10 v( z 2 C z 1 )) + x 2 total error 1 (1 v z 10 v) 1.0 0.5 0.25 % power supply specifications supply voltage rated performance 15 15 15 v operating 8 18 2 8 18 2 8 18 2 v supply current quiescent 4 6 2 4 6 2 4 6 2 ma 1 specifications given are percent of full scale, 10 v (that is, 0.01% = 1 mv). 2 tested on all production units at final electrical test. results from those tests are used to calculate outgoing quality level s. 3 can be reduced down to 3 v using external resistor between Cv s and sf. 4 irreducible component due to nonlinea rity; excludes effe ct of offsets. 5 using external resistor adjusted to give sf = 3 v. 6 see for definition of sections. figure 1
ad534 rev. c | page 5 of 20 t a = 25c, v s = 15 v, r 2 k, all minimum and maximum specifications are guaranteed, unless otherwise noted. table 2. ad534s ad534t parameter min typ max min typ max unit multiplier performance transfer function 2 2121 z yyxx + ? ? v10 ))(( 2 2121 z yyxx + ?? v10 ))(( total error 1 (?10 v x, y +10 v) 1.0 2 0.5 2 % t a = t min to t max 2.0 2 1.0 % total error vs. temperature 0.02 2 0.01 2 %/c scale factor error (sf = 10.000 v nominal) 3 0.25 0.1 % temperature coefficient of scaling voltage 0.02 0.01 %/c supply rejection (15 v 1 v) 0.01 0.01 % nonlinearity, x (x = 20 v p-p, y = 10 v) 0.4 0.2 0.3 2 % nonlinearity, y (y = 20 v p-p, x = 10 v 0.2 0.1 0.1 2 % feedthrough 4 , x (y nulled, x = 20 v p-p, 50 hz) 0.3 0.15 0.3 2 % feedthrough 4 , y (x nulled, y = 20 v p-p, 50 hz) 0.01 0.01 0.1 2 % output offset voltage 5 30 2 2 15 2 mv output offset voltage drift 500 2 300 2 v/c dynamics small signal bw (v out = 0.1 rms) 1 1 mhz 1% amplitude error (c load = 1000 pf) 50 50 khz slew rate (v out 20 p-p) 20 20 v/s settling time (to 1%, v out = 20 v) 2 2 s noise noise spectral density sf = 10 v 0.8 0.8 v/hz sf = 3 v 5 0.4 0.4 v/hz wideband noise f = 10 hz to 5 mhz 1 1 mv/rms f = 10 hz to 10 khz 90 90 v/rms output output voltage swing 11 2 11 2 v output impedance (f 1 khz) 0.1 0.1 output short-circuit current (r l = 0 , t a = t min to t max ) 30 30 ma amplifier open-loop gain (f = 50 hz) 70 70 db input amplifiers (x, y, and z) 6 signal voltage range differential or common mode 10 10 v operating differential 12 12 v offset voltage (x, y) 5 20 2 2 10 2 mv offset voltage drift (x, y) 100 150 v/c offset voltage (z) 5 30 2 2 15 2 mv offset voltage drift (z) 500 2 300 2 v/c cmrr 60 2 80 70 2 90 db bias current 0.8 2.0 2 0.8 2.0 2 a offset current 0.1 0.1 a differential resistance 10 10 m
ad534 rev. c | page 6 of 20 ad534s ad534t parameter min typ max min typ max unit divider performance transfer function (x 1 > x 2 ) 1 21 12 y xx zz + ? ? )( )( v10 1 21 12 y xx zz + ? ? )( )( v10 total error 1 x = 10 v, ?10 v z +10 v 0.75 0.35 % x = 1 v, ?1 v z +1 v 2.0 1.0 % 0.1 v x 10 v, ?10 v z +10 v 2.5 1.0 % squarer performance transfer function 2 21 z xx + ? v10 )( 2 2 21 z xx + ? v10 )( 2 total error (?10 v x +10 v) 0.6 0.3 % square-rooter performance transfer function (z 1 z 2 ) (10 v( z 2 C z 1 )) + x 2 (10 v( z 2 C z 1 )) + x 2 total error 1 (1 v z 10 v) 1.0 0.5 % power supply specifications supply voltage rated performance 15 15 v operating 8 22 2 8 22 2 v supply current quiescent 4 6 2 4 6 2 ma 1 specifications given are percent of full scale, 10 v (that is, 0.01% = 1 mv). 2 tested on all production units at final electrical test. results from those tests are used to calculate outgoing quality level s. 3 can be reduced down to 3 v using external resistor between Cv s and sf. 4 irreducible component due to nonlinea rity: excludes effe ct of offsets. 5 using external resistor adjusted to give sf = 3 v. 6 see for definition of sections. figure 1
ad534 rev. c | page 7 of 20 absolute maximum ratings table 3. parameter ad534j, ad534k, ad534l ad534s, ad534t supply voltage 18 v 22 v internal power dissipation 500 mw 500 mw output short circuit to ground indefinite indefinite input voltages (x 1 , x 2 , y 1 , y 2 , z 1 , z 2 ) v s v s rated operating temperature range 0c to +70c ?55c to +125c storage temperature range ?65c to +150c ?65c to +150c lead temperature range, 60 sec soldering 300c 300c stresses above those listed under absolute maximum ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. this is a stress rating only; functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational section of this specification is not implied. exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. thermal resistance ja is specified for the worst-case conditions, that is, a device soldered in a circuit board for surface-mount packages. table 4. thermal resistance package type ja jc unit 10-pin to-100 (h-10) 150 25 c/w 14-lead sbdip (d-14) 95 25 c/w 20-terminal lcc (e-20-1) 95 25 c/w 09675-004 z 1 z 2 ?v s + v s y 2 y 1 sf x 2 x 1 out 0.076 (1.93) 0.100 (2.54) 5 3 4 8 a figure 2. chip dimensio ns and bonding diagram dimensions shown in inches and (mm) contact factory for latest dimensions. 09675-005 +v s ?v s 5 0k ? 1k ? to appropriate input terminal 470k ? figure 3. optional tr imming configuration esd caution
ad534 rev. c | page 8 of 20 pin configurations and function descriptions + v s out x1 ?v s y1 y2 sf x2 z1 z2 6 7 8 9 10 3 4 2 1 5 09675-001 ad534 top view (not to scale) figure 4. to-100 (h- 10) pin configuration table 5. h-10 package pin function descriptions pin no. mnemonic description 1 x2 inverting differential input of the x multiplicand input. 2 sf scale factor input. 3 y1 noninverting differential input of the y multiplicand input. 4 y2 inverting differential input of the y multiplicand input. 5 ?v s negative supply rail. 6 z2 inverting differential input of the z reference input. 7 z1 noninverting differential input of the z reference input. 8 out product output. 9 +v s positive supply rail. 10 x1 noninverting differential input of the x multiplicand input. x1 1 x2 2 nc 3 sf 4 +v s 14 nc 13 out 12 z1 11 nc 5 z2 10 y1 6 nc 9 y2 7 ?v s 8 nc = no connect. do not connect to this pin. 09675-002 ad534 top view (not to scale) figure 5. to-100 (d- 14) pin configuration table 6. d-14 package pin function descriptions pin no. mnemonic description 1 x1 noninverting differential input of the x multiplicand input. 2 x2 inverting differential input of the x multiplicand input. 3, 5, 9, 13 nc no connect. do not connect to this pin. 4 sf scale factor input. 6 y1 noninverting differential input of the y multiplicand input. 7 y2 inverting differential input of the y multiplicand input. 8 ?v s negative supply rail. 10 z2 inverting differential input of the z reference input. 11 z1 noninverting differential input of the z reference input. 12 out product output. 14 +v s positive supply rail.
ad534 rev. c | page 9 of 20 nc = no connect. do not connect to this pin. 09675-003 ad534 top view (not to scale) 4 nc 5 nc 6 sf 7 nc 8 nc 18 out 17 nc 16 z1 15 nc 14 z2 19 nc 20 +v s 1 nc 2 x1 3 x2 13 nc 12 ?v s 11 nc 10 y2 9 y1 figure 6. lcc (e-20-1) pin configuration table 7. e-20-1 package pin function descriptions pin no. mnemonic description 1, 4, 5, 7, 8, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19 nc no connect. do not connect to this pin. 2 x1 noninverting differential input of the x multiplicand input. 3 x2 inverting differential input of the x multiplicand input. 6 sf scale factor input. 9 y1 noninverting differential input of the y multiplicand input. 10 y2 inverting differential input of the y multiplicand input. 12 ?v s negative supply rail. 14 z2 inverting differential input of the z reference input. 16 z1 noninverting differential input of the z reference input. 19 out product output. 20 +v s positive supply rail.
ad534 rev. c | page 10 of 20 typical performance characteristics typical at 25c, with v s = 15 v dc, unless otherwise noted. 14 12 10 8 6 4 8 1012 1416182 positive or negative supply (v) peak positive or negative signal (v) 09675-020 0 output, r l 2k ? all inputs, sf = 10v figure 7. input/output signal range vs. supply voltages 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 ?60 ?40 ?20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 temperature (c) bias current (na) 09675-021 scaling voltage = 10v scaling voltage = 3v figure 8. bias current vs. temperature (x, y, or z input) 09675-022 90 80 70 60 50 30 20 10 frequency (hz) 40 0 cmrr (db) 100 1k 10k 100k 1m typical for all inputs figure 9. common-mode rejection ratio vs. frequency 09675-023 100 10 1 frequency (hz) 0.1 feedthrough (mv p-p) y-feedthrough x-feedthrough 1000 10 100 1k 10k 100k 1m 10m figure 10. ac feedthrough vs. frequency 09675-024 1.5 1 0.5 frequency (hz) 0 noise spectral density (v/ hz) scaling voltage = 10v scaling voltage = 3v 10 100 1k 10k 100k figure 11. noise spectral density vs. frequency 100 90 80 70 60 50 2.5 5.0 7.5 10.0 scaling voltage, sf (v) output noise voltage (v rms) 09675-025 conditions: 10hz to 10khz bandwidth figure 12. wideband noise vs. scaling voltage
ad534 rev. c | page 11 of 20 09675-026 0 ?10 frequency (hz) ?20 output response (db) 0db = 0.1v rms, r l = 2k ? ?30 c l = 0pf 10 10k 100k 1m 10m c l 1000pf c f 200pf c l 1000pf c f = 0pf normal connection with 10 feedback attenuator figure 13. frequency response as a multiplier output ? db ( ) v o v z 60 40 20 0 ?20 1k 10k 100k frequency (hz) 1m 10m 09675-027 v x = 100mv dc v z = 10mv rms v x = 1v dc v z = 100mv rms v x = 10v dc v z = 1v rms figure 14. frequency response vs. divider denominator input voltage
ad534 rev. c | page 12 of 20 functional description figure 1 shows a functional block diagram of the ad534. inputs are converted to differential currents by three identical voltage- to-current converters, each trimmed for zero offset. the product of the x and y currents is generated by a multiplier cell using gilberts translinear technique. an on-chip buried zener provides a highly stable reference, which is laser trimmed to provide an overall scale factor of 10 v. the difference between xy/sf and z is then applied to the high gain output amplifier. this permits various closed-loop configurations and dramati- cally reduces nonlinearities due to the input amplifiers, a dominant source of distortion in earlier designs. the effectiveness of the new scheme can be judged from the fact that, under typical conditions as a multiplier, the nonlinear- ity on the y input, with x at full scale (10 v), is 0.005% of fs. even at its worst point, which occurs when x = 6.4 v, nonlinear- ity is typically only 0.05% of fs. nonlinearity for signals applied to the x input, on the other hand, is determined almost entirely by the multiplier element and is parabolic in form. this error is a major factor in determining the overall accuracy of the unit and therefore is closely related to the device grade. the generalized transfer function for the ad534 is given by ()() () 21 2121 zz sf yyxx av out ?? ?? = where: a is the open-loop gain of the output amplifier, typically 70 db at dc. x 1 , y 1 , z 1 , x 2 , y 2 , and z 2 are the input voltages (full scale = sf, peak = 1.25 sf). sf is the scale factor, pretrimmed to 10.00 v but adjustable by the user down to 3 v. in most cases, the open-loop gain can be regarded as infinite, and sf is 10 v. the operation performed by the ad534, can then be described in terms of the following equation: ( x 1 ? x 2 )(y 1 ? y 2 ) = 10 v ( z 1 ? z 2 ) the user can adjust sf for values between 10.00 v and 3 v by connecting an external resistor in series with a potentiometer between sf and ?v s . the approximate value of the total resistance for a given value of sf is given by the relationship: sf sf r f s ? = 01 k 4.5 due to device tolerances, allowance should be made to vary r sf by 25% using the potentiometer. considerable reduction in bias currents, noise, and drift can be achieved by decreasing sf. this has the overall effect of increasing signal gain without the customary increase in noise. note that the peak input signal is always limited to 1.25 sf (that is, 5 v for sf = 4 v) so the overall transfer function shows a maximum gain of 1.25. the performance with small input signals, however, is improved by using a lower scale factor because the dynamic range of the inputs is now fully utilized. bandwidth is unaffected by the use of this option. supply voltages of 15 v are generally assumed. however, satisfactory operation is possible down to 8 v (see figure 7 ). because all inputs maintain a constant peak input capability of 1.25 sf, some feedback attenuation is necessary to achieve output voltage swings in excess of 12 v when using higher supply voltages. provides gain with low noise the ad534 is the first general-purpose multiplier capable of providing gains up to 100, frequently eliminating the need for separate instrumentation amplifiers to precondition the inputs. the ad534 can be very effectively employed as a variable gain differential input amplifier with high common-mode rejection. the gain option is available in all modes and simplifies the implementation of many function-fitting algorithms such as those used to generate sine and tangent. the utility of this feature is enhanced by the inherent low noise of the ad534: 90 v rms (depending on the gain), a factor of 10 lower than previous monolithic multipliers. drift and feedthrough are also substantially reduced over earlier designs. operation as a multiplier figure 15 shows the basic connection for multiplication. note that the circuit meets all specifications without trimming. 09675-007 ad534 +v s x 1 x 2 sf y 1 y 2 out z 1 z 2 ?v s +15v ?15v x input 10v fs 12v p k y input 10v fs 12v p k optional summing input, z, 10v pk output, 12v pk = (x1 ? x 2 ) (y1 ? y 2 ) 10v + z 2 figure 15. basic multiplier connection to reduce ac feedthrough to a minimum (as in a suppressed carrier modulator), apply an external trim voltage (30 mv range required) to the x or y input (see figure 3 ). figure 10 shows the typical ac feedthrough with this adjustment mode. note that the y input is a factor of 10 lower than the x input and should be used in applications where null suppression is critical. the high impedance z 2 terminal of the ad534 can be used to sum an additional signal into the output. in this mode, the output amplifier behaves as a voltage follower with a 1 mhz small signal bandwidth and a 20 v/s slew rate. this terminal should always be referenced to the ground point of the driven system, particularly if this is remote. likewise, the differential inputs should be referenced to their respective ground poten- tials to realize the full accuracy of the ad534. a much lower scaling voltage can be achieved without any reduction of input signal range using a feedback attenuator as shown in figure 16 . in this example, the scale is such that v out =
ad534 rev. c | page 13 of 20 (x 1 C x 2 )(y 1 C y 2 ), so that the circuit can exhibit a maximum gain of 10. this connection results in a reduction of bandwidth to about 80 khz without the peaking capacitor c f = 200 pf. in addition, the output offset voltage is increased by a factor of 10 making external adjustments necessary in some applications. adjustment is made by connecting a 4.7 m resistor between z 1 and the slider of a potentiometer connected across the supplies to provide 300 mv of trim range at the output. 09675-008 ad534 +v s x 1 x 2 sf y 1 y 2 out z 1 z 2 ?v s +15v 90k ? 10k ? ?15v x input 10v fs 12v p k y input 10v fs 12v p k optional peaking capacitor c f = 200pf output, 12v pk = (x 1 ? x 2 ) (y 1 ? y 2 ) (scale = 1v) figure 16. connections for scale factor of unity feedback attenuation also retains the capability for adding a signal to the output. signals can be applied to the high impedance z 2 terminal where they are amplified by +10 or to the common ground connection where they are amplified by +1. input signals can also be applied to the lower end of the 10 k resistor, giving a gain of ?9. other values of feedback ratio, up to 100, can be used to combine multiplication with gain. occasionally, it may be desirable to convert the output to a current into a load of unspecified impedance or dc level. for example, the function of multiplication is sometimes followed by integration; if the output is in the form of a current, a simple capacitor provides the integration function. figure 17 shows how this can be achieved. this method can also be applied in squaring, dividing, and square rooting modes by appropriate choice of terminals. this technique is used in the voltage controlled low-pass filter and the differential input voltage-to- frequency converter shown in the applications information section. 0 9675-009 ad534 +v s x 1 x 2 sf y 1 y 2 out z 1 z 2 ?v s x input 10v fs 12v pk y input 10v fs 12v pk i out = (x 1 ? x 2 ) (y 1 ? y 2 ) 10v 1 rs integrator capacitor (see text) current-sensing resistor, rs, 2k ? min figure 17. conversion of output to current operation as a squarer operation as a squarer is achieved in the same fashion as the multiplier except that the x and y inputs are used in parallel. the differential inputs can be used to determine the output polarity (positive for x 1 = y l and x 2 = y 2 , negative if either one of the inputs is reversed). accuracy in the squaring mode is typically a factor of 2 better than in the multiplying mode and the largest errors occurring with small values of output for input below 1 v. if the application depends on accurate operation for inputs that are always less than 3 v, the use of a reduced value of sf is recom- mended as described in the functional description section. alternatively, a feedback attenuator can be used to raise the output level. this is put to use in the difference-of-squares application to compensate for the factor of 2 loss involved in generating the sum term (see figure 20 ). the difference of squares function is also used as the basis for a novel rms-to-dc converter shown in figure 27 . the averaging filter is a true integrator, and the loop seeks to zero its input. for this to occur, (v in ) 2 ? (v out ) 2 = 0 v (for signals whose period is well below the averaging time constant). therefore, v out is forced to equal the rms value of v in . the absolute accuracy of this technique is very high; at medium frequencies and for signals near full scale, it is determined almost entirely by the ratio of the resistors in the inverting amplifier. the multiplier scaling voltage affects only open-loop gain. the data shown is typical of performance that can be achieved with an ad534k, but even using an ad534j, this technique can readily provide better than 1% accuracy over a wide frequency range, even for crest factors in excess of 10. operation as a divider figure 18 shows the connection required for division. unlike earlier products, the ad534 provides differential operation on both numerator and denominator, allowing the ratio of two floating variables to be generated. further flexibility results from access to a high impedance summing input to y 1 . as with all dividers based on the use of a multiplier in a feedback loop, the bandwidth is proportional to the denominator magnitude, as shown in figure 14 . ad534 +v s x 1 x 2 sf y 1 y 2 out z 1 z 2 ?v s +15v ?15v x input (denominator) 10v fs 12v pk z input (numerator) 10v fs 12v pk optional summing input 10v pk + ? output, 12v pk = 10v (z 2 ? z 1 ) (x 1 ? x 2 ) + y 1 09675-010 figure 18. basic divider connection without additional trimming, th e accuracy of the ad534k and ad534l is sufficient to maintain a 1% error over a 10 v to 1 v denominator range. this range can be extended to 100:1 by simply reducing the x offset with an externally generated trim voltage (range required is 3.5 mv maximum) applied to the unused x input (see figure 3 ). to trim, apply a ramp of +100 mv to +v at 100 hz to both x 1 and z 1 (if x 2 is used for offset adjust- ment; otherwise, reverse the signal polarity) and adjust the trim voltage to minimize the variation in the output because the output is near 10 v, it should be ac-coupled for this adjustment. the increase in noise level and reduction in bandwidth preclude operation much beyond a ratio of 100 to 1.
ad534 rev. c | page 14 of 20 as with the multiplier connection, overall gain can be introduced by inserting a simple attenuator between the output and y 2 terminal. this option and the differential ratio capability of the ad534 are used in the percentage computer application shown in figure 24 . this configuration generates an output propor- tional to the percentage deviation of one variable (a) with respect to a reference variable (b), with a scale of 1% per volt. in contrast to earlier devices, which were intolerant of capacitive loads in the square root modes, the ad534 is stable with all loads up to at least 1000 pf. for critical applications, a small adjustment to the z input offset (see figure 3 ) improves accuracy for inputs below 1 v. unprecedented flexibility the precise calibration and differential z input provide a degree of flexibility found in no other currently available multiplier. standard multiplication, division, squaring, square-rooting (mdssr) functions are easily implemented while the restriction to particular input/output polarities imposed by earlier designs has been eliminated. signals can be summed into the output, with or without gain and with either a positive or negative sense. many new modes based on implicit function synthesis have been made possible, usually requiring only external passive components. the output can be in the form of a current, if desired, facilitating such operations as integration. operation as a square rooter the operation of the ad534 in the square root mode is shown in figure 19 . the diode prevents a latching condition, which may occur if the input momentarily changes polarity. as shown, the output is always positive; it can be changed to a negative output by reversing the diode direction and interchanging the x inputs. because the signal input is differential, all combinations of input and output polarities can be realized, but operation is restricted to the one quadrant associated with each combination of inputs. ad534 +v s x 1 x 2 sf y 1 y 2 out z 1 z 2 ?v s +15v ?15v z input 10v fs 12v pk reverse this and x inputs for negative outputs r l (must be provided) optional summing input x , 10v pk + ? 09675-011 output, 12v pk = 10v (z 2 ? z 1 ) + x 2 figure 19. square-rooter connection
ad534 rev. c | page 15 of 20 applications information the versatility of the ad534 allows the creative designer to implement a variety of circuits such as wattmeters, frequency doub lers, and automatic gain controls. 09675-012 ad534 +v s x 1 x 2 sf y 1 y 2 out z 1 z 2 ?v s +15v 30k ? 10k ? ?15v output = a 2 ? b 2 10v a + b 2 a ? b 2 a b figure 20. difference of squares 09675-013 ad534 +v s x 1 x 2 sf y 1 y 2 out z 1 z 2 ?v s +15v 2k? 39k ? 1k ? set gain 1k ? ?15v ? v s notes 1. gain is 10 per volt of e c , zero to 50. 2 . wideband (10hz to 30khz) output noise is 3mv rms, typ corresponding to a.f.s. snr of 70db. 3 . noise referred to signal input, with e c = 5v, is 60v rms, typ. 4 . bandwidth is dc to 20khz, ?3db, independent of gain. control input, e c , 0v to 5v signal input, e s , 5v pk 0.005f output, 12v pk = e c e s 0.1v figure 21. voltage-controlled amplifier 09675-014 using close tolerance resistors and ad543l, accuracy of fit is within 0.5% at all points. is in radians. ad534 +v s x 1 x 2 sf y 1 y 2 out z 1 z 2 ?v s +15v 18k ? 3k? 10k ? 4.7k ? 4.3k ? input, e 0v to +10v ?15v where = 2 e 10v output = (10v) sin figure 22. sine function generator 09675-015 the sf pin or a z attenuator can be used to provide overall signal amplification. operation from a single supply possible; bias y 2 to v s /2. ad534 +v s x 1 x 2 sf y 1 y 2 out z 1 z 2 ?v s +15v modulation input, e m c arrier input e c sin t ?15v e m 10v output = 1 e c sin t figure 23. linear am modulator 09675-016 other scales, from 10% per volt to 0.1% per volt can be obtained by altering the feedback ratio. ad534 +v s x 1 x 2 sf y 1 y 2 out z 1 z 2 ?v s +15v 9k ? 1k ? b input, (+ v e only) ?15v a ? b b output = (100v) (1% per volt) a input () figure 24. percentage computer 09675-017 ad534 +v s x 1 x 2 sf y 1 y 2 out z 1 z 2 ?v s +15v input, y 10v fs ?15v y 1 + y y (10v) output, 5v/pk = (10v) where y = figure 25. bridge linearization function
ad534 rev. c | page 16 of 20 09675-018 ad534 +v s x 1 x 2 sf y 1 y 2 out z 1 z 2 ?v s +15v 500 ? 39k ? 2k ? 82k ? 2.2k ? ?15v c ontrol input, e c 100mv to 10v + ? (= r) adj 1khz 0.01 (= c) adj 8khz 3pf to 30pf 2 3 7 ad211 +15v output 15v approx. pins 5, 6, 8 to +15v pins 1, 4 to ?15v f = e c 40 1 cr = 1khz per volt with values shown calibration procedure: with e c = 1.0v, adjust potentiometer to set f = 1.000khz with e c = 8.0v, adjust trimmer capacitor to set f = 8.000khz. linearity will typically be within 0.1% of fs forany other input. due to delays in the comparator, this technique is not suitable for maximum frequencies above 10khz. for frequencies above 10khz the ad537 voltage-to-frequency converter is recommended. a triangle-wave of 5v pk appears across the 0.01f capacitor: if used as an output, a voltage-follower should be interposed. figure 26. differential input voltage-to-frequency converter 09675-019 ad534 ad741j +v s x 1 x 2 sf y 1 y 2 out z 1 z 2 ?v s +15v +15v 10k ? 10k ? 10k ? 20k ? 10k ? 10k ? zero adj 10m ? ?15v 10f nonpolar 10f solid ta 20k ? ad741k 5k ? + rms + dc mode ac rms input 5v rms fs 10v pea k output 0v to 5v m a tched to 0.025 % calibration procedure: with mode switch in ?rms + dc? position, apply an input of +1.00v dc. adjust zero until output reads same as input. check for inputs of 10v; output should be within 0.05% (5mv). accurac y is maintained from 60hz to 100khz, and is typically high by 0.5% at 1mhz for v in = 4v rms (sine, square, or trianglular-wave). provided that the peak input is not exceeded, crest factors up to at least 10 have no appreciable effect on accuracy. input impedance is about 10k ? ; for high (10m ? ) impedance, remove mode switch and input coupling components. for guaranteed specifications the ad536a and ad636 are offered as a single package rms-to-dc converter. figure 27. wideband, high-crest factor, rms-to-dc converter
ad534 rev. c | page 17 of 20 outline dimensions controlling dimensions are in inches; millimeter dimensions (in parentheses) are rounded-off i nch equivalents for reference only and are not appropriate for use in design. dimensions per jedec standards mo-006-af 0.500 (12.70) min 0.185 (4.70) 0.165 (4.19) reference plane 0.050 (1.27) max 0.040 (1.02) max 0.335 (8.51) 0.305 (7.75) 0.370 (9.40) 0.335 (8.51) 0.021 (0.53) 0.016 (0.40) 1 0.034 (0.86) 0.025 (0.64) 0.045 (1.14) 0.025 (0.65) 0.160 (4.06) 0.110 (2.79) 6 2 8 7 5 4 3 0.115 (2.92) bsc 9 10 0.230 (5.84) bsc base & seating plane 36 bsc 022306-a figure 28. 10-pin metal header package [to-100] (h-10) dimensions shown in inches and (millimeters) c ontrolling dimensions are in inches; millimeter dimensions (in parentheses) are rounded-off inch equivalents for reference only and are not appropriate for use in design. 14 1 7 8 0.310 (7.87) 0.220 (5.59) pin 1 0.080 (2.03) max 0.005 (0.13) min seating plane 0.023 (0.58) 0.014 (0.36) 0.060 (1.52) 0.015 (0.38) 0.200 (5.08) max 0.200 (5.08) 0.125 (3.18) 0.070 (1.78) 0.030 (0.76) 0.100 (2.54) bsc 0.150 (3.81) min 0.765 (19.43) max 0.320 (8.13) 0.290 (7.37) 0.015 (0.38) 0.008 (0.20) figure 29. 14-lead side-brazed cera mic dual in-line package [sbdip] (d-14) dimensions shown in inches and (millimeters) controlling dimensions are in inches; millimeter dimensions (in parentheses) are rounded-off inch equivalents for reference only and are not appropriate for use in design. 1 20 4 9 8 13 19 14 3 18 bottom view 0.028 (0.71) 0.022 (0.56) 45 typ 0.015 (0.38) min 0.055 (1.40) 0.045 (1.14) 0.050 (1.27) bsc 0.075 (1.91) ref 0.011 (0.28) 0.007 (0.18) r typ 0.095 (2.41) 0.075 (1.90) 0.100 (2.54) ref 0.200 (5.08) ref 0.150 (3.81) bsc 0.075 (1.91) ref 0.358 (9.09) 0.342 (8.69) sq 0.358 (9.09) max sq 0.100 (2.54) 0.064 (1.63) 0.088 (2.24) 0.054 (1.37) 022106-a figure 30. 20-terminal cerami c leadless chip carrier [lcc] (e-20-1) dimensions shown in inches and (millimeters)
ad534 rev. c | page 18 of 20 ordering guide model 1 temperature range package description package option ad534jd 0c to +70c 14-lead side brazed ceramic dual in-line package [sbdip] d-14 ad534jdz 0c to +70c 14-lead side brazed ceramic dual in-line package [sbdip] d-14 ad534kd 0c to +70c 14-lead side brazed ceramic dual in-line package [sbdip] d-14 ad534kdz 0c to +70c 14-lead side brazed ceramic dual in-line package [sbdip] d-14 ad534ld 0c to +70c 14-lead side brazed ceramic dual in-line package [sbdip] d-14 ad534ldz 0c to +70c 14-lead side brazed ceramic dual in-line package [sbdip] d-14 ad534jh 0c to +70c 10-pin metal header package [to-100] h-10 ad534jhz 0 c to +70c 10-pin metal header package [to-100] h-10 ad534kh 0c to +70c 10-pin metal header package [to-100] h-10 ad534khz 0c to +70c 10-pin metal header package [to-100] h-10 ad534lh 0c to +70c 10-pin metal header package [to-100] h-10 ad534lhz 0c to +70c 10-pin metal header package [to-100] h-10 ad534k chips 0c to +70c chip ad534sd ?55c to +125c 14-lead side brazed ceramic dual in-line package [sbdip] d-14 ad534sd/883b ?55c to +125c 14-lead side brazed ceramic dual in-line package [sbdip] d-14 ad534td ?55c to +125c 14-lead side brazed ceramic dual in-line package [sbdip] d-14 ad534td/883b ?55c to +125c 14-lead side brazed ceramic dual in-line package [sbdip] d-14 ad534se/883b ?55c to +125c 20-terminal ce ramic leadless chip carrier [lcc] e-20-1 ad534te/883b ?55c to +125c 20-terminal ceramic leadless chip carrier [lcc] e-20-1 ad534sh ?55c to +125c 10-pin metal header package [to-100] h-10 ad534sh/883b ?55c to +125c 10-pin metal header package [to-100] h-10 ad534th ?55c to +125c 10-pin metal header package [to-100] h-10 ad534th/883b ?55c to +125c 10-pin metal header package [to-100] h-10 ad534s chips ?55c to +125c chip ad534t chips ?55c to +125c chip 1 z = rohs compliant part.
ad534 rev. c | page 19 of 20 notes
ad534 rev. c | page 20 of 20 notes ?1977C2011 analog devices, inc. all rights reserved. trademarks and registered trademarks are the prop erty of their respective owners. d09675-0-4/11(c)

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